Pregnancy Calendar at Week 1
What's Happening with the Baby
The first day of the last menstrual period in gynecology is considered the starting point of pregnancy. Therefore, at 1 week of gestation, there is actually no fertilized egg or embryo. This period is characterized by the readiness of the uterine lining (endometrium) and the woman's body for conception.
Development of Twins
Twins can be either identical or fraternal. This is determined at the moment of fertilization. Obstetricians and gynecologists highlight the following conception features:
- Identical twins occur when the zygote, after the egg and sperm merge, splits into two separate cellular structures. In this case, both embryos will have an identical genetic makeup, leading to the newborns' physical resemblance;
- Fraternal twins are associated with the simultaneous release of two eggs during a woman's last menstrual cycle. When fertilized by two different sperm cells, two zygotes are formed, each with a different genetic makeup. This results in the physical differences between the children after birth.
The development of twins in the first week of pregnancy is not considered in gynecology. This is merely the time that passes from the first day of the last menstrual period. It is characterized by the preparation of the endometrium for embryo implantation and placenta development.
Changes in a woman's body correspond to premenstrual syndrome: emotional instability, breast tenderness, increased appetite, discomfort in the lower abdomen, and more. These symptoms are not signs of pregnancy but are common in every woman during the premenstrual period.
What's Happening with Mom
For the maturation (ovulation) of the egg, its release from the ovary, and meeting with the sperm, it takes from several hours to several days. The viability of the egg is maintained for 12-48 hours after maturation, while sperm can retain their fertilizing ability for up to 4-6 days.
Thus, conception actually occurs in the 2nd-3rd week, and in the first seven days, a pregnancy test will show a negative result.
No significant changes occur in the future mom's body yet, except for possible sensations similar to premenstrual syndrome (PMS): mood swings, slight tenderness when touching the breasts, increased appetite, restless sleep, headaches, lower abdominal pulling sensations, and so on.
Medical Examination
Ordering lab tests or instrumental studies isn't necessary, as they won't indicate pregnancy. Experts recommend monitoring ovulation during this preparation period for pregnancy. This involves regularly measuring basal body temperature, using ovulation tests, or folliculometry. An ultrasound of the ovaries and uterus to determine the readiness of egg release helps to choose the optimal time for conception.
Challenges of Pregnancy
There are no threats or risks for the future fetus since conception hasn't occurred yet. However, obstetricians point out that it's already important to follow a healthy lifestyle and normalize your diet during this time.
What You Can and Can't Do
To prepare for conception, it's important to get your lifestyle in order. This increases the chances of conception and creates favorable conditions for the embryo's development.
What a Future Mom CAN Do:
- During the first week of pregnancy, a woman can engage in any activities that do not negatively impact her health. For example, getting a massage, having sex, eating fresh fruits and vegetables, etc.;
- Before conception, it is recommended that the woman and her partner consult a doctor about the upcoming pregnancy. The specialist will provide information on how to prepare for childbirth and what the baby will need after birth.
What a Future Mom CAN'T Do:
- Drink alcohol or use drugs. Smoking cigarettes, hookah, etc., is also prohibited;
- Use dietary supplements and medications without consulting a doctor;
- Undergo any X-ray examinations;
- Engage in heavy physical activities;
- Work in environments with harmful conditions, such as constant exposure to chemicals.
Proper Nutrition
A woman's body needs a lot of nutrients, vitamins, and trace elements before pregnancy and in the first few weeks. To get these, it's recommended to diversify your diet and cut out unhealthy foods.
In the 1st week of pregnancy, it's recommended to:
- Include a variety of vegetables, fruits, nuts, lean meats and fish, milk, dairy products, grains, eggs, and more in your diet. A varied diet helps increase the amount of vitamins and minerals your body gets;
- Cut out fast food and unhealthy dishes: fried, salty, pickled, smoked, etc. All pregnant women should limit baked goods and carbonated drinks;
- Ensure your daily calorie intake from food is not below 2000 kcal;
- Stick to a proper hydration routine. You should drink 2 liters of fluids throughout the day. This includes plain water, tea, fruit drinks, broths, and soups;
- Limit your intake of coffee and caffeinated beverages, including green and black tea.
Vitamins and Minerals
Micronutrients and vitamins play a crucial role in the fetal development of a child and also support a woman's health during pregnancy. They are obtained from food, beverages, and supplements prescribed by a doctor.
Vitamin A (Retinol)
Vitamin A is essential for maintaining the function of cells throughout the body, the maturation of the placenta, and the development of internal organs in the embryo. A deficiency in the mother can lead to decreased vision sharpness, especially at night. You can get Vitamin A from fat-containing foods like vegetable oils, cottage cheese, hard cheeses, beef liver, egg yolks, cream, as well as various vegetables and greens.
Vitamin B1 (Thiamine)
Thiamine helps maintain normal blood pressure by influencing the tone of blood vessels. Additionally, it regulates metabolism and the nervous system. Insufficient intake of thiamine through food increases the risk of preeclampsia in women, which is characterized by intoxication and changes in blood pressure levels. Vitamin B1 can be found in grains, whole wheat pasta, bran, legumes, nuts, berries, vegetables, fruits, meat, and eggs.
Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin)
Normalizes the absorption of iron from the gastrointestinal tract and prevents the development of iron-deficiency anemia. Ensures the formation of skeletal and muscle tissues in the embryo during the early stages of its development. Hypovitaminosis during gestation can cause abnormalities in the formation of the child's nervous system. You can get riboflavin from simple foods: liver, milk and dairy products, eggs, grains, legumes, cabbage, cucumbers, lettuce, and other greens, apricots, and more.
Vitamin B3 (Niacin)
Normalizes metabolism, such as cholesterol and other lipids. Ensures a stable blood pressure level. Niacin is involved in the functioning of the digestive organs – the intestines and liver. Foods rich in vitamin B3 include animal meat and offal (liver, kidneys), milk and dairy products, grains, and legumes.
Vitamin B5 (Pantothenic Acid)
Essential for the functioning of the nervous system and endocrine organs, primarily the thyroid and adrenal glands. A deficiency during a child's intrauterine development disrupts the production and maintenance of stable hormone levels, negatively affecting their development. Pantothenic acid is found in beef liver and kidneys, eggs, whole grain products, asparagus, and cabbage.
Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine)
Regulates the process of forming new blood cells, the functioning of the nervous system, and metabolism. Hypovitaminosis can lead to increased symptoms of toxicosis and lower blood pressure. To get enough pyridoxine from food, doctors recommend eating meat, fish and seafood, eggs, legumes, various grains, nuts, greens, vegetables, and berries.
Vitamin B9 (Folic Acid)
Essential for the normal development of internal organs and the nervous system in the embryo. Deficiency is characterized by severe developmental defects in the child, which can be incompatible with life and lead to miscarriage. Women are recommended to use dietary supplements with vitamins several months before conception to replenish its stores in the body. Foods with folic acid include milk and dairy products, hard cheeses, whole grain pasta, greens, and more.
Vitamin B12 (Cyanocobalamin)
Prevents the development of anemia during pregnancy and also participates in cell division in the embryo. Hypovitaminosis is associated with disruptions in the blood formation processes in both the child and the mother, as well as intestinal and liver pathologies. You can get cyanocobalamin from beef liver, meat, seafood, and milk.
Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid)
Normalizes the tone of blood vessel walls and supports high immune activity. This allows immune cells to combat viral and bacterial infections in the mother. With adequate intake of this vitamin, the risk of nosebleeds and varicose veins decreases. Bell peppers, any greens, black and red currants, rose hips, lemons, oranges, grapefruits, and sea buckthorn are rich in ascorbic acid.
Vitamin D (calciferol)
The main regulator of calcium and phosphorus metabolism in the body. Calciferol ensures the normal development of bone tissue and teeth in the child during the prenatal period, and also prevents vascular disorders in the mother. Foods rich in this vitamin include beef liver, meat, fish and seafood, egg yolk, milk, and dairy products.
Vitamin E (tocopherol)
Considered a powerful antioxidant. It blocks free radicals and toxins that can damage the body's cells and their genetic material. Tocopherol reduces the severity of inflammatory processes in internal organs, and also lowers the risk of miscarriage and pregnancy complications. This vitamin is found in unrefined vegetable oils, nuts, legumes, eggs, fresh peas, cod liver, milk, fermented dairy products, and greens.
Vitamin K (phylloquinone)
It plays a role in the formation of blood clotting factors. A deficiency in women increases the risk of external and internal bleeding, as well as placental abruption. Vitamin K is obtained from the following foods: cabbage, tomatoes, rose hips, and any berries.
Vitamin H (Biotin)
It is essential for the formation of fatty acids and amino acids, which are the building blocks of fats and proteins, respectively. Hypovitaminosis is characterized by neurological disorders, placental insufficiency, and delayed child development. Biotin is found in beef liver, eggs, milk, cottage cheese, yeast, legumes, and nuts.
Iron (Component of Hemoglobin)
This complex protein transports oxygen from the lungs to the internal organs and nervous system. A deficiency of this mineral leads to iron-deficiency anemia. The condition is associated with progressive hypoxia, which harms the health of the pregnant woman and the developing child. Severe anemia can cause premature labor. You can get iron from beef liver, kidneys, and meat, legumes, buckwheat, spinach, lettuce, onions, apples, and berries.
Calcium
The main component of bone tissue. Its salts provide bone strength and prevent fractures. Additionally, this mineral is essential for the proper functioning of the cardiovascular, digestive, and nervous systems. Calcium deficiency is characterized by blood clotting disorders, low blood pressure, general weakness, constipation, and more. Foods rich in this micronutrient include eggs, garlic, vegetables and greens, milk and dairy products, cheeses, legumes, and nuts.
Iodine
Ensures the production of hormones in the thyroid gland. Its deficiency during pregnancy can lead to the development of goiter in the mother and cretinism in the child after birth. This condition is marked by underdevelopment of the brain and is irreversible. To get enough of this micronutrient, you should eat sea fish, cod liver, iodized salt, or seaweed.
Manganese
Involved in the processes of blood formation, absorption of B vitamins, and iron from the intestines. A lack of this micronutrient is characterized by immune disorders of varying severity. Manganese is found in grains, nuts, legumes, peanuts, lettuce, dates, plums, bananas, tea, honey, potatoes, bread, and more.
Magnesium
An essential trace element necessary for the functioning of the heart, blood vessels, and nervous system. Magnesium deficiency is characterized by disruptions in the formation of bone tissue in the fetus and increases the risk of developing rickets after birth. This trace element is abundant in various foods, such as legumes, nuts, green onions, berries, and regular water.
Copper
It participates in various enzymatic processes, including metabolism and the formation of hemoglobin in red blood cells. A deficiency in this mineral manifests as severe anemia that cannot be corrected with iron supplements, as well as developmental issues in the nervous system. Copper is found in the liver of animals, poultry, and fish, as well as in potatoes, nuts, vegetables, and fruits.
Chromium
Prevents the development of diabetes during pregnancy by normalizing blood glucose levels and overall carbohydrate metabolism. With adequate intake, this trace element reduces the risks of cardiovascular and endocrine disorders in both the mother and child. Chromium can be found in carrots, berries, and young corn.
Selenium
This is an antioxidant that works in cells alongside vitamin E. The mineral supports immune activity and helps prevent the development of infectious diseases. A selenium deficiency increases the likelihood of damage to genetic material (DNA and RNA) by reactive oxygen species and toxins. Foods rich in this trace element include whole grain bread and pasta, meat, fish and seafood, legumes, and nuts.
Phosphorus
In a pregnant woman's body, phosphorus performs several functions: it regulates kidney function by altering urine acidity, is a component of bone tissue, and ensures a high metabolic rate. A deficiency in this mineral disrupts calcium metabolism, negatively affecting the musculoskeletal and cardiovascular systems. Foods high in phosphorus include meat, fish, milk and dairy products, eggs, nuts, and berries.
Helpful Tips
During the first week of pregnancy, it's recommended to take a break, for example, by going on a small trip. This helps improve a woman's psychological well-being and avoid the adverse environmental conditions in cities.
An important recommendation from doctors for future fathers is to get rid of bad habits. Passive smoking that a woman is exposed to leads to changes in her body. Inflammatory processes in the lungs occur, characterized by hypoxia. This negatively affects the nervous system, internal organs, and the developing baby.
Exercises for Expecting Moms
Regular workouts with moderate intensity are recommended for all women during the first week of pregnancy. Doctors advise against any intense activities and extreme sports. When planning for pregnancy and conception, it's recommended to discuss fitness specifics with your trainer. Together with your obstetrician-gynecologist, they will select the optimal type of exercise for you.
Discomforts During Pregnancy
Colds and Flu
Viral respiratory infections (like the flu) and bacterial infections can occur at any stage of pregnancy. Women may experience unpleasant symptoms such as fever, runny nose, cough, headaches, general weakness, and more. When planning a pregnancy, it's important to avoid infectious diseases, as they can create unfavorable conditions for conception and the intrauterine development of the embryo.
Digestive Disorders
Nausea, bloating, heaviness in the stomach area, and other symptoms of gastrointestinal diseases can cause discomfort for a pregnant woman. In the first week of pregnancy, these sensations are not related to the pregnancy itself but indicate stomach or intestinal issues. It is recommended that the woman promptly seek medical advice from her doctor, who will conduct the necessary examination and prescribe appropriate treatment.
Heartburn
Characterized by a burning sensation and pain behind the breastbone, which intensifies with heavy meals, physical activity, and other factors. It develops due to the insufficiency of the cardiac sphincter. This is a muscular structure located between the stomach and the esophagus, preventing stomach acid from flowing back. Treatment is based on dietary and lifestyle adjustments, as well as the use of medications. Medications are always prescribed only by the attending physician.
Exacerbations of Chronic Diseases
For example, herpes infections. Herpes manifests as small outbreaks on the mucous membrane of the lips or genital organs, causing mild discomfort for the woman. However, for a developing child, a herpes infection is dangerous as it can lead to miscarriage or severe birth defects. When preparing for pregnancy, it is essential to follow personal hygiene rules and avoid contact with people who have infectious diseases.
Checklist
- Visit an OB-GYN and, if needed, other doctors to discuss pregnancy planning.
- Normalize your daily routine: get at least 7 hours of sleep, switch to eating 5 times a day (3 main meals and 2 snacks), and spend at least 40 minutes a day walking outdoors.
- Boost your immune system: practice hardening, and take doctor-recommended multivitamins.
- Get into the habit of airing out your workspace and home several times a day.
- Expand your home library with a healthy eating recipe book and/or bookmark a few culinary websites with the same theme.