Pregnancy Calendar at Week 15

What's Happening with the Baby

At 15 weeks pregnant, the baby’s head starts to sprout its first hairs. The limbs continue to grow rapidly, outpacing the growth of the head. From this week, the mom might start to feel the baby moving. The baby’s movements are quite active – within a few minutes, the baby can change positions multiple times inside the womb. The baby often bends its arms at the elbows and wrists, and its fingers curl into little fists. A unique skin pattern appears on the fingertips, which is individual to each person.

The baby itself reaches a size of 13–14 cm and weighs up to 77 g (about the size of a medium orange).

During this period, the nervous system develops actively: the brain mass increases, and its grooves and folds deepen. The baby’s bones, muscles, and all organs are intertwined with nerves.

At 15 weeks pregnant, the baby’s cardiovascular system also undergoes refinement. The heart works very actively (pumping up to 20 liters of blood per day). Arteries and veins grow intensively, forming networks of vessels. All organs start receiving blood through their own arteries. Through the baby’s very thin skin, blood vessels begin to show, giving the skin a reddish color. If in previous weeks red blood cells were produced by the liver and yolk sac, now this function is taken over by the red bone marrow.

Here's an interesting fact - starting from the 15th week, you can already determine a baby's blood type and Rh factor!

What's Happening with Mom

The fifteenth week of pregnancy is noticeable not only to the mom but also to those around her. By this time, significant changes have already occurred with the baby, who is gaining weight, and the mom's belly is visibly rounding and protruding forward.

Changes in the Uterus

The uterus continues to grow in size and takes up more space in the abdominal cavity. The height of the uterine fundus is one of the key indicators for monitoring fetal growth. This week, the measurement is 12-13 cm. A woman can feel the organ herself by placing her fingers roughly midway between the pubic bone and the belly button. An ultrasound shows that the organ has a uniform myometrium, and the thickness of the uterus is normally 2.5 cm by the 15th week of pregnancy.

Urination

From this point on, the pressure of the uterus on the bladder noticeably decreases, so the urge to urinate becomes less frequent. Women do not experience frequent urges to go to the bathroom. Instead, the uterus presses on the intestines, which increases the risk of constipation.

Headaches

Hormonal changes and physiological transformations in the maternal body often provoke headaches during this week of pregnancy. Women describe them in various ways: a squeezing sensation like a band around the head, pulsating sensations in one spot, noise, and a feeling of emptiness in the head, often accompanied by severe dizziness.

These symptoms often appear due to external factors – it's important to avoid stress, overexertion, contact with large groups of people, and prolonged mental strain. Usually, headaches can be managed with Tylenol. For chronic headaches accompanied by vision deterioration, you should see a doctor.

Lower Back Pain

Lower back and tailbone pain at the 15th week can indicate both normal and pathological conditions. A common cause of pathological pain is pyelonephritis, which involves an inflammatory process in the kidneys. Symptoms include not only sharp lower back pain but also a fever and painful urination. In this case, a doctor's consultation is necessary, and sometimes hospitalization is required.

Physiological lower back pain at the 15th week of pregnancy is related to the pressure of the growing uterus on nerve endings and the displacement of internal organs. This poses no risk to the baby, but the mother should take care – avoid sitting in one position for too long, choose firm surfaces for resting, and take walks. In some cases, the doctor may recommend wearing a support belt to relieve tension in the back muscles.

Breast Changes

The entire body adjusts to the needs of the baby, and the mammary glands are no exception. By the 15th week, the breasts become more sensitive, the areolas darken, and the mammary glands swell. Some women experience colostrum discharge, which is completely normal as the body prepares for breastfeeding. Increased sensitivity in some women can manifest as tingling in the breasts, a feeling of fullness, and heaviness.

Skin Pigmentation

Increased melanin production in the skin during the 15th week of pregnancy leads to pigmentation. This occurs due to hormonal changes happening in the mother's body. Spots can appear in various places on the body. The most "popular"spot is the line from the navel to the pubic area, where a pigmented line can be noticed.

Some women develop spots on their lower back, as well as on their face, neck, and chest area. Pigmentation on exposed areas can be particularly bothersome. There's no need to focus too much on the spots or try too hard to hide them – after the baby is born, the pigmentation usually fades. For very pronounced spots, safe cosmetic products can help.

Swelling

Swelling can occur both earlier and at the 15th week. During this time, the load on the urinary system increases, which can disrupt kidney function, leading to swelling. Dietary habits, such as overeating salty and spicy foods, can also trigger fluid retention.

Vaginal Discharge

Discharge at the 15th week can vary in nature, depending on the estrogen levels in the blood. When the level of this hormone increases, the discharge becomes watery and abundant, with a clear color. There's no need to worry if the discharge doesn't have any other concerning characteristics. In some cases, discharge can indicate a condition like candidiasis, which pregnant women often suffer from. With candidiasis, the discharge:

has an unpleasant sour smell;
can be cottage cheese-like in consistency, bubbly, with obvious white chunks on underwear and genitalia;
is colored greenish or dirty yellow;
is accompanied by itching and burning, and painful urination.

If women notice these signs, they should see a doctor and get tested. Once diagnosed, treatment is prescribed.

Among vaginal discharge, there can also be some bloody discharge. Sometimes, a small amount of blood can be noticed after sexual contact – in such cases, doctors recommend taking a break and monitoring your sensations. Heavy bleeding that doesn't stop is a reason to visit the clinic.

The cause of the bleeding could be placental abruption or the threat of miscarriage, so it's important to take all necessary measures to preserve the pregnancy in a timely manner. Don't get upset prematurely – minor vaginal discharge with streaks of blood can be caused by trauma, erosion, or burst blood vessels, which are not dangerous for the baby.

Minor Bleeding

Bleeding at the 15th week of pregnancy can come from places other than the vagina. Due to the increased blood volume, even slight changes in blood pressure can cause nosebleeds. Weak blood vessels can also lead to bleeding gums.

Changes in Food and Smell Preferences

Usually, there aren't significant changes in food preferences and sense of smell. Previously established taste preferences dominate, but women might still crave fruits or meat, depending on nutrient deficiencies. Therefore, doctors advise diversifying your diet.

Weight Gain

Gaining weight during pregnancy is inevitable, and by the 15th week, a pregnant woman typically gains an additional 5.5 to 6.6 pounds from her pre-pregnancy weight. This is completely normal, as the weight comes from the enlarged uterus and amniotic fluid. By the 15th week, the baby's weight is still quite small – only about 1.8 to 2.6 ounces. On average, the normal weight gain is around 0.88 pounds per week.

Development of Twins

At the 15th week, twins and multiples are slightly smaller than other babies, and the bellies of moms expecting multiple babies don't look any bigger than those of other women at this stage of pregnancy.

So, the twins reach about 4 inches in length and weigh around 2 ounces.

Since the little ones aren't too big yet and there's still plenty of room in mom's belly, just like their singleton peers, twins also move around and try to be active. However, the expectant mom will feel these movements a bit later.

Right now, the most important thing is that the babies are starting to reach out to each other, get to know one another, and interact.

Starting from the 15th week, doctors recommend that moms of twins reduce physical activity to avoid the risk of miscarriage and also limit the time spent on their feet.

Medical Examination

Overall, at the 15th week of pregnancy, it's mostly routine check-ups and specialist visits if necessary. The main procedures and examinations are usually either already done or scheduled for a bit later.

Doctors

Obstetrician-gynecologist (if you've already registered, you don't need to visit the specialist; a consultation is only necessary if you have any complaints);
Consultations with other specialists (phlebologist, endocrinologist, gastroenterologist, etc.) at the discretion of the doctor managing your pregnancy, if indicated.

If you're registering for the first time, you'll be referred to the following specialists:

Primary Care Physician (will rule out/confirm chronic diseases in the expectant mother, determine their compatibility with pregnancy, and prescribe treatment if necessary);
Ophthalmologist (will assess the likelihood of developing eye conditions and provide recommendations for the duration of pregnancy and childbirth if the mother has any eye diseases);
Dentist (dental treatment is generally recommended during the 2nd trimester);
Otolaryngologist (ENT) (will rule out/confirm chronic infections of the ears, nose, or throat, and advise on how to treat pregnancy-related rhinitis);
Endocrinologist (will assess the mother's endocrine system and provide recommendations);
Geneticist (will evaluate the risk of hereditary diseases and conditions in the baby);
Surgeon (will assess the likelihood of developing varicose veins, and the risks associated with pregnancy and childbirth related to the woman's musculoskeletal system, as well as any injuries or fractures sustained before pregnancy).

Tests

Complete blood count;
Urinalysis;
Biochemical blood test as part of the 2nd screening (more details in Examinations).

Examinations

Weight measurement (scheduled weekly weight checks to avoid excessive weight gain);
Blood pressure measurement (increased pressure indicates the development of hypertension and other pregnancy complications);
Measurement of the uterus condition and fundal height (FH). The normal thickness of the uterine muscle layer is 2.6 centimeters. At 15 weeks of pregnancy, the doctor can palpate the uterus through the abdominal wall;
Abdominal circumference measurement;
Listening to the baby's heartbeat using a stethoscope.

Pregnancy Complications

At the 15th week of pregnancy, a woman may face complications such as placental abruption, missed miscarriage, or miscarriage, which threaten spontaneous termination of the pregnancy.

Miscarriage

Miscarriage can happen for a variety of reasons, including trauma, physical strain, or serious illnesses. The main signs of a miscarriage are vaginal bleeding and very painful cramps in the lower abdomen. During a miscarriage, a woman may experience back discomfort, blood pressure fluctuations, weakness, cold sweats, and possibly loss of consciousness.

Placental Abruption

Placental abruption poses a threat to the baby's life and can be triggered by autoimmune disorders, vascular pathologies, or harmful habits. The symptoms of placental abruption are noticeable but vary depending on the degree of separation.

With a minor abruption, a woman may feel slight discomfort, and the condition can only be detected by a doctor. With a moderate abruption, the pain is more pronounced, the lower abdomen hardens, and bleeding occurs. Severe abruption is accompanied by sharp pains, vomiting, fainting, and heavy bleeding.

Missed Miscarriage

This condition is found in older pregnant women who conceived after the age of 35, and those who have had previous negative experiences with pregnancy loss (ectopic pregnancy, abortion). At the 15th week, a third crisis can occur, during which the development of the fetus may stop.

Symptoms appear when the body tries to expel the fetus (about 2-2.5 weeks after the actual cessation of development), considering it a foreign body. The woman feels pulling pains in the lower abdomen, tingling, or sharper, cramp-like pain. Additionally, there may be bloody discharge, and in cases of prolonged fetal demise, pus may be present.

Isthmic-Cervical Insufficiency

This is a pregnancy complication where the cervix prematurely begins to open, which can lead to a miscarriage. It requires mandatory treatment and continuous medical supervision.

Placental Insufficiency

If the placenta does not adequately supply the baby with oxygen and nutrients, the baby's growth and development can be impaired. This condition also requires mandatory treatment and continuous medical supervision.

TORCH Infections

TORCH is an acronym formed from the first letters of diseases such as Toxoplasma (toxoplasmosis), Rubella (German measles), Cytomegalovirus (cytomegalovirus), and Herpes (herpes). These infections are dangerous if contracted for the first time during pregnancy, as they can lead to fetal developmental defects and miscarriage, and may be grounds for terminating the pregnancy. Reducing the risk of infection can be achieved by following hygiene and preventive measures, including getting vaccinated 6 months before conceiving a child.

What You Can and Can't Do

The 15th week of pregnancy comes with its own set of recommendations, and it's important for a woman to know what she can and can't do during this time to ensure the baby's health isn't compromised.

What an Expectant Mom CAN Do:

Physical activity – Swimming and prenatal fitness classes are beneficial for keeping the body healthy without posing a risk to the baby;
Preventive dental check-up – It's recommended to consult with a dentist to avoid rapidly developing cavities and to prevent gum bleeding;

Entertainment – Many pregnant women arrange couple photo sessions to fill the family with positive emotions – don't deny yourself these pleasant moments;
Beauty – Procedures that don't involve harmful chemicals are allowed, and it's important to use anti-stretch mark products;

Vitamins – As the baby grows, it's essential for the mom to provide her body with vitamins and other nutrients, especially calcium for the development of the baby's skeletal system;
Clothing and style – Choose your clothing responsibly; it would be wise to invest in maternity wear;

Sex life – it's not prohibited, but you should avoid rough sex and also avoid putting pressure on the abdominal area;
Work – daily activities and work are allowed, as long as there are no heavy labor conditions involving lifting heavy objects or contact with harmful substances;

Rest – it is recommended to sleep at least 8 hours and take walks before bedtime for better relaxation.

What an expectant mother SHOULD NOT do:

Clothing – Avoid wearing tight shapewear, belts, and skinny pants to ensure proper blood circulation in the pelvic area and provide a healthy environment for the baby's growth. Also, skip the high heels;
Avoid heavy lifting, moving large objects, and strength-based sports;
It's better to avoid hair dyeing and opt for natural colorants like henna or basma instead of chemical treatments;
Don't stand for long periods to prevent the development of varicose veins;
Take pills and supplements only as recommended by your doctor, as not all medications are safe during pregnancy;
Avoid sitting in one position for too long and don't cross your legs – this can cause painful calf cramps;
Absolutely no alcohol or smoking – toxic substances harm both the woman and the baby;
Avoid staying in rooms with dry air for extended periods, especially if you have hormonal rhinitis. Use a humidifier in your rooms.

Proper Nutrition

Proper nutrition should primarily include fiber, as the risk of constipation increases. It's also important to provide the child with all necessary nutrients, so the diet should be varied.

Recommendations for the 15th week of pregnancy:

Prioritize eating a variety of foods, and make meals small and frequent to avoid delays in the digestive process;
Include cereals, dairy products, and eggs in the diet – these foods are very nutritious, they won't lead to weight gain, but they will keep you full. Thanks to the calcium in dairy products, the baby will get the necessary elements for building their skeleton;

Make sure to add lean meats and fish to your diet – proteins (the recommended amount is 75 grams per day) are the main building blocks for the body, provide energy, regulate metabolism, and also affect the baby's weight (a lack of protein can result in low birth weight);
Eat vegetables and fruits daily – they will not only be a source of vitamins for the baby but also improve digestion due to their high fiber content;

Avoid fried, smoked, and salty foods, as they contain harmful substances and can trigger heartburn.
Depending on your weight gain, monitor your intake of flour-based and sugary foods. Typically, by the 15th week, weight noticeably increases, but don't blame it all on pregnancy. If you're gaining too much weight, cut out sweets and flour-based products that lead to weight gain.

It's better to cook meals at home, avoiding fast food, cafes, and restaurant food. When preparing meals, use methods like stewing and boiling. Choose protein-rich foods as a base, adding plenty of vegetables and fruits, as well as slow-digesting carbs, which will positively impact your health during pregnancy. Consume enough dairy products and meat – they are crucial for the normal development of the baby's body.

Need for Vitamins and Minerals

At the 15th week, the need for vitamins increases by 1.5-2 times, as it is necessary to support the activity of the placenta and the growth of the fetus. A woman requires twice as much folic acid, 1.5 times more calcium, a third more iodine, vitamins B6 and B12, zinc, and twice as much iron.

Vitamin A (Retinol)

Pregnant women often experience a deficiency of vitamin A. At the 15th week, it is important to start regularly taking retinol (but remember that in the first 60 days of pregnancy, this element is recognized as teratogenic), incorporating it into the diet. If there is a lack of vitamin A, the risk of premature birth, birth defects, and low birth weight increases. The daily requirement for vitamin A is 370 mcg. Vitamin A is prescribed in forms such as retinyl palmitate, retinyl acetate, carotenoids, and retinoids. Exceeding the dose is strongly discouraged! Vitamin A can be found in carrots, melons, peaches, pumpkins, eggs, and fish oil.

Vitamin B1 (Thiamine)

Increased amounts are needed starting from the 15th week. Thiamine deficiency is usually linked to poor nutrition before pregnancy and severe morning sickness, which leads to a significant loss of this substance. Deficiency in this vitamin manifests in women as peripheral neuropathy, which negatively impacts the fetus. The daily requirement for a pregnant woman is 1.5-2 mg. Vitamin B1 is found in oranges, cauliflower, broccoli, carrots, and potatoes.

Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin)

The daily intake should be between 1.5 to 2.1 mg of riboflavin. It is typically prescribed for severe deficiencies in women with nutritional issues. The maximum daily intake for rapid correction of deficiency is no more than 6 mg. Riboflavin is found in beef liver and kidneys, feta cheese, milk, and white mushrooms.

Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine)

This vitamin is responsible for proteins, which are the building blocks of the fetus's body cells. It actively participates in the formation of the child's nervous system and brain, as well as in blood formation. A deficiency in pyridoxine in pregnant women leads to severe morning sickness, vomiting, loss of appetite, and cramps – these are the first signs of a vitamin deficiency that needs to be addressed. The daily requirement is 2.5 mg. Sources of this vitamin include hazelnuts, walnuts, spinach, carrots, potatoes, strawberries, and tomatoes.

Vitamin B9 (Folic Acid)

One of the most important vitamins during pregnancy. This substance is responsible for the process of cell renewal in the body, stimulating the growth and death of old cells, and the appearance of new ones. It plays an active role in the process of placenta formation and growth. With sufficient levels of folic acid, the fetus develops normally, but a deficiency can lead to neural tube defects and even miscarriage. To ensure an adequate amount of vitamin B9 in the body, you need to take 400 mcg daily. You can get this vitamin from green vegetables, citrus fruits, legumes, and whole grain flour.

Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin)

Without this substance, the proper absorption of folic acid is impossible, so its intake is essential. It also participates in the metabolism of homocysteine in a woman's body. Normally, a pregnant woman should receive between 5 to 10 mcg of vitamin B12 daily. A deficiency in cobalamin can lead to intrauterine growth retardation, neural tube defects in the fetus, miscarriage, and premature birth. Sources of cobalamin include cheese, meat, dairy products, and eggs.

Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid)

During pregnancy, the need increases, but usually, a drastic correction of status isn't required. Deficiency is observed in women with poor nutrition and serious deviations. Ascorbic acid poorly penetrates the placental barrier, but its metabolites reach the fetus in sufficient quantities. The daily vitamin requirement is 90-100 mg. Exceeding this norm is strictly prohibited, as it leads to increased estrogen levels and disrupted nutrition for the baby. It is found in citrus fruits, tomatoes, potatoes, berries, and cauliflower.

Vitamin D3 (Cholecalciferol)

This vitamin helps the body of a pregnant woman better absorb phosphorus and calcium. Cholecalciferol is involved in the formation of the baby's bones and teeth and also controls hormone production by the placenta. A deficiency can lead to muscle pain due to disrupted phosphorus-calcium metabolism, and ultimately, a vitamin deficiency can result in miscarriage. If the pregnancy continues, there is a high risk of the baby developing rickets and having difficulty adapting in the postnatal period. To maintain normal vitamin levels, it should be taken additionally, but not exceeding the norm of 400-600 IU. It is found in cod liver, herring, mackerel, and fish oil.

Vitamin E (Tocopherol)

It actively participates in the process of cellular respiration and oxygen supply to cells, making it crucial for both maternal health and the normal development of the fetus. Tocopherol supports the normal functioning of the placenta, ensuring the baby receives all necessary nutrients. It is involved in the blood flow process between the mother and the fetus, regulating prolactin levels. A deficiency in this vitamin can lead to muscle pain, weakness, anemia, cramps, and even miscarriage. To ensure adequate levels, a daily intake of 10 mg is recommended. It can be found in spinach, nuts, avocados, shrimp, and fish.

Vitamin H (Biotin)

This vitamin is partially synthesized in the expectant mother's body by her own gut microflora, but during pregnancy, the level of biotin is often insufficient, so it needs to be obtained from food or multivitamin supplements. A deficiency in this substance can lead to fetal developmental defects, which is why doctors emphasize the importance of timely intake during pregnancy. The recommended daily intake is up to 50 mcg. It is found in dairy products, fermented vegetables, and greens.

Vitamin K (Phylloquinone)

Partially synthesized in the body. It's crucial for the fetal development during pregnancy because phylloquinone helps in the absorption of calcium in the baby's body and the formation of its musculoskeletal system. It also affects blood clotting. You can get vitamin K from wheat bran, milk, cottage cheese, olive oil, greens, various types of cabbage, kiwi, bananas, and avocados. The daily requirement for vitamin K is 500 mcg. It is found in currants, spinach, carrots, cauliflower, and white cabbage.

Vitamin PP (Niacinamide)

For the fetus, vitamin PP is extremely important as it supports blood circulation between the mother and the fetus by participating in the formation of the placenta's blood vessels. A deficiency of vitamin PP at the 15th week of pregnancy can cause fatigue, headaches, and loss of appetite in women. It can also lead to digestive issues and negative skin reactions. The daily requirement for pregnant women is 20 mg, and it is usually prescribed in the form of niacin, which is better tolerated by the female body. It is found in peanuts, tuna, halibut, whole grain bread, potatoes, beef offal, and corn.

Iodine

Essential for the normal synthesis of thyroid hormones and also helps build up the fetus's iodine reserves. A deficiency of this element at the 15th week can lead to developmental delays and abnormalities. The daily requirement is 200 mcg (which can be increased to 250 mcg if necessary).

Calcium

The main structural element of the skeletal system. It is also responsible for the formation of teeth and hair, and it plays a role in the functioning of the muscular system and the heart. Every hour, the baby needs to receive 13 mg of calcium to build up enough reserves to prevent rickets. Therefore, at the 15th week, it's crucial to ensure adequate intake of this element. The daily requirement is 1200 mg.

Magnesium

Necessary for the proper absorption of more than five hundred proteins, with 100 of them being related to the placenta, making magnesium's benefits for fetal development exceptional. It participates in the formation of the fetus's muscular and skeletal systems. A lack of magnesium can lead to spontaneous abortion, fetal development delays, or increased uterine tone. The daily requirement is 350-450 mg.

Phosphorus

Involved in the formation of bone tissue and teeth. This element is an active participant in metabolic processes, responsible for eliminating toxins and waste products from the fetus. It regulates acidity and directly affects the absorption of B vitamins. The daily requirement is 1.3 g.

Potassium

Maintains fluid balance and prevents swelling, supports the nervous system, and plays an active role in heart function. This element is crucial for all fetal functions. The daily requirement is 200-250 mcg.

Sodium

Should be used with caution as it can cause fluid retention and swelling. This element is involved in metabolic processes. It is important for heart and blood vessel function, actively binds with many trace elements, and aids in their absorption. The daily requirement is 500 mg.

Chromium

Helps maintain normal blood glucose levels. It is involved in protein metabolism in the fetus, helps break down carbohydrates and lipids. The daily requirement is 50 mcg.

Cobalt

This element affects metabolic processes and blood formation. It is a key component of vitamin B12, responsible for the synthesis of important amino acids, fats, and proteins, and participates in the breakdown of carbohydrates needed by the fetus, releasing energy. The daily requirement is 1.2 mg.

Copper

A copper deficiency is associated with problems in iron absorption, so this element is also necessary for both the pregnant woman and the fetus. A deficiency can lead to anemia, disruption in the production of phospholipids, certain proteins, and osteogenesis. If a copper deficiency occurs at the 15th week, the risk of developing iron deficiency anemia and connective tissue dysplasia in the fetus increases. The daily requirement is 2 mg.

Iron

Starting from the 15th week, the iron consumption in a pregnant woman's body significantly increases. The element is redistributed in favor of the fetus. Iron should be introduced gradually, and at the beginning of the second trimester, the doctor will make recommendations based on test results to avoid causing damage to the placenta and the fetus's liver. The daily requirement of this element at this stage is 20-60 mg.

Selenium

Selenium is a powerful antioxidant that protects the bodies of both the mother and the fetus. It is a component of 20 essential proteins for fetal development. The amount of selenium is rapidly depleted in favor of the fetus during the second trimester, so it is essential for women to take it as part of multivitamin complexes. The daily requirement is 50 mcg.

Silicon

This element is extremely necessary for the fetus during the formation and growth of the musculoskeletal system, as it accumulates there the most. Silicon also plays a role in the functioning of the nervous system. Children who were deprived of a sufficient amount of this substance in their first year of life suffer from rickets. Thanks to silicon, 74 important trace elements are absorbed in a child's body. It also influences the development of connective tissue, blood cells, and adipose tissue. The need for silicon during pregnancy is 20 mg.

Zinc

This is a highly important element because it is responsible for the expression of human genes, including those that show malfunctions at the 15th week of pregnancy. In the human body, zinc controls the function of more than five hundred enzymes. The need for this element increases from the 15th week, when fetal growth is observed. A deficiency of this element increases the risk of neural tube defects in the child. The requirement for a pregnant woman is 15 mg. Exceeding the dosage is not recommended due to its harmful effects.

Important! Choose a multivitamin complex based on the recommendation of your obstetrician-gynecologist.

Helpful Tips

If you notice redness, swelling, or intense itching in the area of pigment spots, you should see a dermatologist: these could be symptoms of an allergy or dermatitis.

When pigment spots appear, you shouldn't use whitening creams and lotions, as many of them are not approved for use during pregnancy. The spots will disappear without a trace after childbirth.

During this period, the support of the future father is very important. A study conducted in 2016 among 2,641 pregnant women showed that those who received little support from their partners had about an 80% higher chance of experiencing pregnancy-related anxiety. They were also three times more likely to suffer from mid-pregnancy depression compared to those who felt a high level of support from their spouses.

Researchers noted that support was provided in many aspects, such as:

being able to rely on the man financially;
emotional attachment;
understanding that the spouse will help/be useful when the baby arrives.

Exercises for Expecting Moms

Moderate physical activity is essential during pregnancy. It's best to prioritize walking and outdoor strolls, swimming, and Pilates, of course, if there are no contraindications and with your doctor's approval. It's important for a pregnant woman to enjoy her activities, not overexert herself, and pay attention to safety techniques to avoid injuries, excessive strain, and sudden movements that could cause cramps, spikes in blood pressure, and potentially trigger a miscarriage.

Discomforts During Pregnancy

Frequent Urination

By the 15th week, frequent urination usually subsides, but it may persist in cases of multiple pregnancies. The increased workload of the kidneys and accelerated metabolism contribute to the frequency of urges, so there's no need to worry unless there are additional dangerous symptoms. A visit to the doctor is necessary if you experience a burning sensation during urination and back pain, which could indicate a possible infection. The 15th week of pregnancy can also be accompanied by severe swelling – in this case, you should also consult your doctor.

Signs of Toxemia, Vomiting

This is a typical sign of pregnancy, but by the 15th week, the symptoms usually become less pronounced. The degree of toxemia depends on hereditary predisposition and hormonal changes. If the mother's body has not yet adapted to the metabolic processes at this stage, the symptoms of toxemia may persist. You should see a doctor if you experience frequent vomiting, significant fluid loss, yellowish skin tone, or weakness.

Abdominal, Lower Back, and Tailbone Pain

At the 15th week of fetal development, it's normal for the body to react to the growing and shifting uterus. When nerve endings get compressed, it can cause some mild discomfort, which usually goes away if the pregnant woman moves around a bit or changes her position. Sometimes, the stretching of the round ligaments of the uterus can cause pain, but it's nothing to worry about. However, if there's severe back pain radiating to the kidneys, bleeding, cramping pains, or a fever, it's important to see a doctor.

Breast Tenderness

This symptom is common due to hormonal effects on the mammary glands, so there's no need to be alarmed even if colostrum starts to leak. If there are pulling or sharp pains in the breasts accompanied by lower abdominal cramps and vaginal bleeding, it's necessary to visit a clinic.

Cold

At the 15th week of pregnancy, a cold can trigger a miscarriage if you neglect your health. Therefore, at the first signs of a cold, you should call a doctor, stay home, and rest in bed, drinking plenty of fluids. The doctor will recommend safe herbal infusions to ease your condition, gargling, and rinsing your nose with a saline solution. If you have a fever, Paracetamol is allowed as it doesn't negatively affect fetal development.

Hypertension

At the 15th week of pregnancy, expectant mothers might experience the development of hypertension, which is associated with the increased load on the maternal circulatory system. Typically, the reading doesn't exceed more than 10 units, so there's no need to worry – this is normal. Additionally, elevated blood pressure can also occur in cases of multiple pregnancies. You should consult a doctor if the woman has a history of diabetes, kidney or heart problems, or high cholesterol levels. In such cases, the doctor will monitor the readings, prescribe special medications, or recommend bed rest.

Hypotension

Weakness in the body, a desire to sleep, and other signs of hypotension can also be bothersome at this stage. This situation is due to hormonal changes and is more common than hypertension. You should see a doctor if the numbers drop to 90/60, as this poses a threat to the fetus. In this case, placental blood flow is disrupted, and the baby doesn't receive enough oxygen and nutrients. This can lead to a miscarriage.

Bleeding

Due to hormonal changes in the 15th week, the blood vessels in the mother's body become fragile, which can lead to bleeding. Women often experience nosebleeds and bleeding when brushing their teeth. Applying a cold compress to the nose or rinsing the mouth with cold water can easily stop the bleeding. However, if the bleeding doesn't stop, hospitalization is necessary because a nosebleed from large vessels can result in significant blood loss.

Pain and Heaviness in the Legs

Pain in the legs, a feeling of fullness, and heaviness usually occur due to fluid retention and weight gain, as well as the constant shift in the center of gravity. It's advisable to rest more and adjust your fluid intake, but a doctor's consultation is necessary if you notice spider veins, leg swelling, redness, or localized heat, as these symptoms indicate venous congestion and possible inflammation.

Checklist

Visit your doctor according to the schedule for routine check-ups. If you're in a high-risk group, you need to get a blood test for hemoglobin.
Get an ultrasound, where you can already determine the gender of your future baby.

Monitor your bowel movements to avoid constipation, and add fiber to your diet if you have trouble with defecation.
Protect yourself from stress and anxiety, and don't overload your nervous system.

Take a walk in the fresh air every evening for at least 20 minutes before bed.
Communicate with your baby, as they can already hear sounds. Play some pleasant, relaxing music.

If possible, go to the pool or take prenatal yoga classes. Don't exclude light physical activity.
Spend time in the sun to naturally boost your vitamin D3 levels.

Place your hand on your belly—some may already feel the baby's movements.
Switch to more comfortable clothing. Go through your wardrobe and get the necessary items.

Pay attention to hair and nail care, as calcium is being redistributed to benefit the baby.
Eat more foods rich in calcium, magnesium, and iron, as these elements are crucial for the baby.

Weigh yourself regularly to monitor weight gain and try not to exceed an average increase of 0.88 pounds per week.